Socialized Medicine Essays - Health Economics,

Associated Medicine Associated medication is a help claimed by all residents and is available in numerous nations. How can it work and what does it accomplish for a countries economy? One of the greatest feelings of dread the vast majority have is getting wiped out or harmed, and the issue for them is paying for it. Under associated medication individuals would get wellbeing care, paying little mind to their capacity to pay. Everybody would be dealt with without stress of how they would pay for their consideration. The World Health Association, some portion of the United Nations, says that, medicinal services is a major human right. The advantage of national medicinal services would be potential for individuals to live longer lives. Expenses would be driven down in light of the fact that specialists, attendants, and other human services suppliers would become government workers. Another advantage would be that misbehavior suits would decay, since it is hard to make legitimate move against the administration (Carol 1994). Financial matters is the greatest factor in whether associated medication is acceptable or awful for a countries economy. The United States, to a point, has mingled medication with Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Administration Federal medication, and wellbeing divisions. The National Center for Public Policy Research said that, In 1990 the legislature shared 42 percent of the wellbeing and increased more than 50 percent of human services in 1992 as costs rise. In 1993 wellbeing care consumptions expended 13.9 percent of the Gross Domestic Product and 15.6 percent in 1995 as per the Heritage Foundation. Ordinarily, individuals erroneously accuse increasing expenses for sedate makers, insurance agencies, doctors, and emergency clinics. However, the quick development in clinical costs is rising because of the ascent in clinical administrations required (Oatman 11-34). As the government endeavors to set up social insurance, emergency clinics are being overburdened with minor and pointless employments of social insurance administrations. These have caused crisis rooms to be loaded up with rewarding normal colds, cerebral pains, and minor scratches. Medicare is supposed to be pointless continuously 2002, only 8 years before 77 million people born after WW2 start to resign. The main way that the nation could proceed is to raise burdens harshly (Oatman 40). The supporters of national social insurance are Canada, Great Britain, France and Germany. All are experiencing extreme spending plan and administration issues. They are altogether losing their best and most brilliant specialists to the free market frameworks of the United States. These medicinal services frameworks have a two-class framework. The wealthy in these frameworks use private medical clinics with private protection to get the degrees of social insurance that the normal American gets (Peikoff 1994). In Canada, the national social insurance framework is confronting numerous issues. Numerous medical clinics have been shut to cut expenses, and verification of this is appeared in the measure of Canadian medicinal services laborers in the United States. Robert Bourassa, previous Premier of Quebec, after finding that he had melanoma, traveled to Washington D.C. for additional interview at the National Cancer Institute. Previous Cabinet Minister, John Moore, responsible for British National Health Service, registered himself with a private emergency clinic for treatment of pneumonia. The British Royal Family has such confidence in their social insurance framework, that they are completely rewarded in private emergency clinics. Associated medication is such a disappointment, even government authorities admit to it by their activities (Mc Cuen, 1988). At the point when social insurance begins being a right, the clinical calling won't be as well off, and the nature of clinical consideration will be diminished. Under the customary American human services framework an individual has the option to human services on the off chance that one can manage the cost of it, in the event that you procure it by your own activities and endeavors. Be that as it may, nobody has the right, since they need or need it. Pierre says that one is brought into the world with an ethical right to hair care what's more, the administration ought to give that for nothing out of pocket. Therefore, individuals appear up regularly for a costly new styling, the administration pays out to an ever increasing extent, what's more, hairdressers love their new gigantic wages. Would you even feel that a beautician might even verge on getting as much cash as a specialist or attendant? These are not exactly the real standings yet close enough for concern. There are likewise free hair inserts, eyebrow culls, bosom inserts, nose employments, dental costs stomach tucks, any kind of plastic medical procedure you might dream of getting, this could all be accessible for you, on the off chance that you need it or have the need for it. Excellence schools have taken off, and educational cost for them is high as can be. Beauticians are working and spending like distraught, attempting

5 Ways to Become a Great Composer of Your Own Music Essay Full Guide on How to Write a Music Essay

5 Ways to Become a Great Composer of Your Own Music Essay Full Guide on How to Write a Music Essay Only one glance around and it is conceivable to reason that the vast majority are huge enthusiasts of music. An ever increasing number of individuals will in general wear earphones †they tune in to music wherever on their iPods or telephones. A great deal of road performers show up in the focal squares †they simply play music for joy. Also, there are the individuals who make all the hints of music and melodies that we hear each day. Regardless of what you like doing with music, presently you’ll be educated about the craft of creating a music paper. For sure, the music making process is like the creative cycle both are close to home and innovative. For instance, Mozart made the whole pieces out of music in his mind, at that point recording it. Beethoven battled with a thought for quite a long time to understand the full type of the music. In this article, you’ll realize all points of interest to turn into your very own extraordinary arranger music paper. The Right Choice of Topics Is a Key Success Factor in Writing No paper can be composed without the primary point referenced in the title. Truly, your subject is Music. In this manner, it is a general point. In any case, you might be doled out to a theme, or need to imagine your own one. At the point when a Topic Is/Isn’t Assigned, You Should: Consider the sort of paper you are relied upon to deliver. Various kinds of paper composing involve various destinations either to depict, investigate or analyze. In this way, it ought to be reflected in your point. Assess a subject as indicated by your own, and scholastic intrigue. Your own advantage lies in the worry with a point as a specialist. With respect to the scholastic intrigue, a theme is intended to be unique, important and gainful. Ensure your point is genuinely explicit. As per the goals you have to seek after while composing, you ought to pick a smaller theme to talk about. At the point when a Topic Is Too General, Apply the Following List of Specific Topics Music Around Us: The Natural Instruments for Creating Music; The Development of Music Within the Development of Civilizations; Our Daily Involvement with Music: A Variety of Effects; Does Music Without Words Convey the Message? Is Music as a Cure for Health Problems Effective? The Connection Between Music and Emotions: Obvious or Tenuous?; What Types of Mood Can Be Created by Music? Can’t choose whether a point would be proper for your paper? Consider every point independently: What is your opinion about a subject? It is safe to say that you are especially keen on a theme? What number of thoughts do you have about a subject? 5 Pre-Writing Tips that Are Helpful in Getting Started on an Essay At whatever point you’re alloted with a composed assignment, it doesn’t mean just the creative cycle itself. You have to do a ton of starter work. The measure of time required for it fluctuates as per your conceivable outcomes and cutoff times. Be that as it may, it would be vastly improved in the event that you could: Be centered around considering what and how you need to compose your paper on. There are numerous methods of how you can think of splendid thoughts for your paper. Hit upon the Berkeley Student Learning Center to know the successful prewriting procedures. Discover what sources are worthy in your composing venture. Discover Wikipedia a decent beginning stage for researching a point? Remember that numerous instructors dont let refer to the Wikipedia articles. It is smarter to look for progressively legitimate sources among which you’ll face essential and optional ones. Experience the rundown of principle source types at Santiago Canyon College. Do broad research on a theme. As a rule, the examination procedure decides the nature of expositions in the event that you don’t mean to lead satisfactory research, be readied that your paper will show the absence of value. Break down elegantly composed expositions on a theme. Fortunately, you have direct access to sources where you can discover helpful papers in the wake of taking a gander at which you can get a handle on composing your own one. Notice what makes them work contentions, proof, a reasonable and rationale proclamation, and so on. Arrange your contemplations in a consistent manner. After numerous imaginative thoughts enter your head, you should write them down. There are 2 different ways of doing it a blueprint or graph. Following every one of these means will permit you to get ready completely for the creative cycle. In any case, in the event that you can’t discover a wellspring of motivation for composing, tune in to 44 impeccable tunes that can move you to make a genuine showstopper. It’s Time to Write a Music Essay: Follow 5 Steps to Do Perfectly Regardless of what points of keeping in touch with you seek after, adhere to the fundamental exposition structure. As per the Writing Center at Harvard University, you should complete a few activities in a paper: present a contention; examine the foundation information; raise counterarguments; finish up. Let’s center around every one of these means in subtleties. On the off chance that you skip on any pivotal stage, you may depend on lower marks. 1. Give a Compelling Essay Title Need to make individuals read your article? By and large, 8 out of 10 individuals read titles instead of read the substance itself. Your educator needs to peruse both the title and content. In any case, catch his/her consideration immediately. You’re given 2 titles. What will you decide to peruse? The Effect of Rock Music on Human Beings; Exciting Music Seizes Young Minds: What Will It Bring? In any case, we give a short investigation of the two titles with the goal that you will understand the basic subtleties in making a title for your expositions. In the event that you take a gander at the first, there is only an announcement of the fundamental subject. For this situation, we comprehend that an author will basically express the impacts of exciting music on individuals. Subsequently, nothing valuable is referenced in the title. From this viewpoint, the subsequent title is all the more winning as it contains the primary concern of view concerning awesome music that will be introduced in an article. In addition, it has an inquiry that will pull in the perusers too they will begin calmly noting it, at that point need to peruse to recognize what sentiment an author has. 2. Create a Thesis Statement It can appear that there is nothing basic than to compose a sentence that will enlighten your perusers regarding the theme you’ve picked. Be that as it may, be cautious with it as you have to think about two sections a subject and the edge from which you’re going to cover it. You see that the initial segment comprises of watchwords exciting music, youngsters and impact. In the subsequent part, there is a rundown of three principle thoughts that will be talked about. When a theory articulation is defined, you are prepared to proceed. 3. Work on an Introduction After a peruser goes through the title, the following point to which he/she focuses is the early on part. It takes close to 3-5 sentences for short articles, and close to 1 page for long papers. Here, your errand is to snare the peruser also. It isn’t a proper method to compose ‘This paper will introduce the issue concerning †¦ .’, or ‘I’m going to expound on †¦ .’ Consider what can be a decent consideration grabber. For instance, you can utilize: frightening genuine articulations that will expressly show your perspective. It ought to be the appropriate data with the further clarification. For instance, it tends to be the measurement about how frequently individuals tune in to music or the most mainstream methods for tuning in to music. a statement that could show a point. There are without a doubt numerous scholars who said something extraordinary regarding music. Search for the most intriguing one that would be pertinent to your exposition theme. Psyche all the characteristics about the reference organizing (in APA, MLA or Harvard). a diverting account. It works viably as a snare with less proper composing styles or individual expositions. a noteworthy model. In the event that you compose an article about a renowned artist, you can include one of his/her own propensities. Pick the most bizarre one or less known to dazzle your perusers. the summed up information. Discover nothing attractive about a theme? There is no issue. Give only the general terms turning out to be increasingly explicit more like a proposal proclamation. 4. Compose the Main Part of Your Essay At long last, the subject you have picked can be clarified in detail, portrayed distinctively, or contended unequivocally. Recollect the goals are dictated by the sort of paper you’re going to compose, on which you more likely than not chose before composing the body. Take a gander at the blueprint or graph you’ve unquestionably made, at exactly that point begin composing. On the off chance that there are 3 or 4 primary thoughts, you should compose 3 or 4 body sections with a subject sentence toward the start of each passage. 5. Finish up Correctly The finishing up section is where you have to give the last viewpoint on your point. Don’t design anything new toward the finish of your exposition. Simply sum up inside 3-4 sentences of what you’ve referenced beforehand in the presentation and body. Attract your perusers to a characteristic, obvious end result. The Writing Process Must Go on: Final 3 Steps as Explained by Our Expert Writers Composing the last sentences, numerous understudies inhale out on the grounds that they think the principle objective to compose an article is accomplished. Is it so really? Many experienced exposition authors will say you, ‘It isn't right to complete the process of composing after a full point is put!’ Besides the reasonable structure, top to bottom investigation, there is one more point fundamental for composing an effective article. 1. Reexamine Your Paper Accordingly The update includes a few stages that are very significant in the event that you need to satisfy the high guidelines of composing. I'm not catching it's meaning ‘high norms of writing’? Check the consistency of language. Most scholarly subjects expect authors to keep up the fixed standard of composing a conventional jargon, utilization of references, indifferent style, long and complex sentences. With scholastic composition, you need to learn unique shows. For instance, the id

Asphyxiation and the Addiction Connection

Asphyxiation and the Addiction Connection February 05, 2020 Jupiterimages/The Image Bank/Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Asphyxiation is a not uncommon outcome of certain addictions, whether it is accidental or self-inflicted. Asphyxiation, also known as asphyxia, is the term used to describe the loss of consciousness or death due to the lack of oxygen.?? Asphyxiation may be caused by suffocation, smothering, strangling, choking, drowning, Injury, exposure to noxious gases (such as carbon monoxide),?? or such medical conditions as sleep apnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?? , or congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS ).?? Within the context of addiction, we tend to associate asphyxiation with a drug overdose or alcohol poisoning.?? A less common cause is the intentional self-infliction of strangulation, known as autoerotic asphyxiation, commonly associated with sex addiction.?? Drugs and Alcohol There are several different ways that drug or alcohol use directly or indirectly cause asphyxiation death. One way is through pulmonary aspiration, in which the inhalation of vomit into the lungs blocks the flow of oxygen. Unless interventions are made to clear the air passages, a person can literally choke to death on his own vomit.?? Alcohol, in particular, has a tendency to produce large amounts of liquid vomit. When intoxicated, people are not only less in control of their motor and mental functions, many of their natural reflexesâ€"including the pharyngeal reflex (a.k.a. gag reflex)â€"are immobilized by the depressive effects of alcohol.?? This was the cause of death for reggae legend Jimi Hendrix and Bon Scott, the lead singer of the rock band ACDC. According to the research from the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths in London, 23 percent of all overdose deaths are caused by asphyxiation, second only to direct acute overdose (drug poisoning). Another type of asphyxiation occurs when an overdose of a drug like heroin causes a persons respiration to drop to where it can no longer sustain life. What ultimately starts with respiratory depression (hypoventilation) eventually become respiratory arrest (the complete termination of breathing).?? Others cease breathing as a result of a seizure during drug or alcohol withdrawal.?? This is most likely to occur outside of a substance abuse treatment center or in the absence of the appropriate medical care. Risk Factors According to data from the National Institute of Drug Abuse, the rate of drug overdose deaths in the United States has climbed dramatically in recent years, increasing from just over 20,000 deaths in 2002 to 70,237 deaths in 2017.?? Alcohol poisoning, for which asphyxiation is a common feature, accounts for an additional 2,200 deaths each year.?? Age also plays a role in the risk of death. Drug overdose deaths tend to occur mostly between the ages of 15 and 44?? , affecting male, female, and racial populations equally. By contrast, most people who die of alcohol poisoning are mainly white males between the ages of 35 and 64.?? By and large, opioid drugs remain the leading cause of drug or alcohol abuse deaths in the United States, accounting for roughly 65 percent of overdose deaths each year. Moreover, while 52 percent of drug overdose deaths are attributed to a single pharmaceutical or illicit drug, 26 percent involved two drugs and 22 percent involved three or more drugs. The combination of certain drugs are known to increase the risk of death, according to the statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between 2010 and 2014: 20 percent of all overdose deaths involved heroin and cocaine.37 percent of all cocaine deaths involved heroin.20 percent all methadone deaths involved heroin.26 percent of hydrocodone deaths involved Xanax (alprazolam).23 percent of all oxycodone deaths involved Xanax.18 percent of all deaths methadone deaths involved Xanax.Between 12 percent and 22 percent of all overdose deaths involved alcohol.?? Top 10 Drugs Linked to Overdose Death ?The 10 drugs most commonly linked to drug overdose death in the United States (by order of reported deaths in 2014) are:Heroin (10,863)Cocaine (5,856)Oxycodone (5,417)Alprazolam (4,217)Fentanyl (4,200)Morphine (4,022)Methamphetamine (3,728)Methadone (3,495)Hydrocodone (3,274)Alcohol (2,221) What Is Driving the Opioid Epidemic in the US? Autoerotic Asphyxiation Autoerotic asphyxiation (AEA), alternatively known as asphyxiophilia and breath control play, is the intentional and sometimes self-inflicted restriction of breathing for the purpose of sexual arousal. By restricting air intake, either by strangulation and hanging, the rapid buildup of carbon dioxide triggers feelings of giddiness and lightheadedness, intensifying sexual pleasure and orgasm.?? ?Though research is lacking, current evidence suggests that death by AEA affects roughly 0.5 of every million people, translating to a rate of roughly 180 deaths per year in the United States. AEA is classified as a feature of sexual masochism disorder (SMD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) issued by the American Psychiatric Association. Because of its inherent dangers, the practice was given a unique specifier in the DSM-5 and is currently classified as SMD with asphyxiophilia. AEA is considered an infrequent feature of sex addiction and is believed to be more common in men than women.?? Asphyxiation by AEA is, by its very definition, accidental. People who participate often establish some sort of escape mechanism in the event of unconsciousness. Sometimes, however, the safety release does not work or the participants misjudge the amount of oxygen-deprived.?? Actor David Carradine was reported to have died this way in 2009. Risky Practices Many AEA deaths occur in people who self-strangulate. A common scenario involves a participant who loops  one end of a belt, scarf, or rope around the neck and holds the other with his or her free hand. It is presumed that if unconsciousness occurs, the belt or loop will fall out of the participants hand and release the tension around the neck.?? Unfortunately, some deaths have occurred because the belt bar got stuck in a belt hole. Others have happened because the texture of the rope or scarf wasnt slippery enough and ended up holding rather than releasing. Drugs and alcohol only increase the risk, impairing judgment while affecting the persons blood pressure and respiration (particularly with depressants like benzodiazepines).??

Interventions for Children with Autism Essays - 1757 Words

Interventions for Children with Autism Name Institution Tutor Date Interventions for Children with Autism Individuals with autism demonstrate delays or deficits in social interaction and behaviours. Autism is apparent from early childhood, but can emerge in early adulthood. It is associated with a wide range of possible causes, but genetic factors are the main causes. Children with autism have impairments in cognition, language delays, and lack of or poor social interactions. Lack of communication may force these children to adopt repetitive behaviours such as self-inflicted injuries and violence. The teaching process requires interventions that address the repetitive behaviours, skill development, and play†¦show more content†¦The programme provides a prosthetic environment where difficulties experienced by autistic individuals can be circumvented in order to enable them to live and learn without unnecessary stress and anxiety (Jordan, Jones and Murray, 1998). Trainers conduct an assessment that identifies the emerging skills and addresses them as the first teaching goals. Students begin by learning functional skills, and good work habits that enable them to function with little intervention provided they are within the TEACCH structure (Jordan, Jones and Murray, 1998). This is the most widely used approach for teaching autistic children. Visual information, predictability and structure help the children understand what they are supposed to do, where and when it should be done, and the order of doing the activity. Parents are also involved in the programme, and their work is to promote a feeling of competence and well-being among the children. They work as co-therapists and participate in home activities when TEACCH instructors make home visits (Jordan, Jones and Murray, 1998). Parents also provide home training for goals such as independent play, increasing communication, and toilet training. They are provided with parent support in formation that helps them learn strategies of effective training. The TEACCH programme has advantages such as supporting autistic adults in the employment sector. There are employment support models that includeShow MoreRelatedEarly Intervention For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorders are a set of similar disorders that each have their own challenges that educators must address. Although K-12 educators are not directly responsible for the types of interventions that individuals receive before they begin school, it is beneficial for educators to be aware of how those interventions work so they may incorporate useful elements in future teaching. Additionally, educators should have a stockpile of knowledge that they can draw from. This shouldRead MoreA Study Based Interventions Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder3343 Words   |  14 Pages Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences Department of Occupational Science and Therapy Paper Name: Evidence Practice Paper Code: 537333 Assignment Title: Family- Centered Play-Based Interventions of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Student ID: 1383124 Word count: 2748 Declaration - This assessment has been written by me and represents my own work. - This work has not previously been submitted by myself or anyone else. - All sourced information has been appropriatelyRead More Physical-Based Intervention Therapies For Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder1616 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is not one specific disorder, but a group of disorders that have similar behavioral characteristic, such as difficulty with communication and socialization. The cause of ASD is still unknown but there are studies that indicate there may a genetic or environmental component. More specifically, ASD can cause limitations in intellectual abilities as well as difficulties with attention and motor coordination. ASD is usually identified during the first three years of lifeRead MoreEffective Intervention For Children And Adolescents Possessing A Diagnosis Of An Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )860 Words   |  4 PagesInterventions There is a wide range and much controversy surrounding the study and overall effectiveness of different interventions for children and adolescents possessing a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, regardless of the method of intervention, every intervention shares the common goal which focuses on improving functioning in one or a combination of the following areas: social, communication, behavior, and academic. Social functioning includes interaction with peersRead MoreComparisons of Discrete-Trial and Normalized Behavioral Language Intervention for Young Children with Autism573 Words   |  3 Pagesyou give them a reward for getting their shots even though they were scared. Therefore, by utilizing operant conditioning a nurse can do her job while making the child happy. An experiment was done to see whether operant conditioning on autistic children worked better with the old protocol or to try something new. People thought that it was better to use the old protocol â€Å"where they are described by the labels discrete-trial, direct instruction, and artificial† (Delprato, Dennis J., Eastern MichiganRead MoreEarly Intervention is Crucial in Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder988 Words   |  4 Pageshas autism spectrum disorder† are words no parent wants to hear. They are words that will instill fear, worry, and sadness. When parents hear this for the first time, they will have many questions. â€Å"Is there anything I can do to help my child? If so, what can be done?† Early intervention services; such as applied behavior analysis therapy, occupational therapy, sensory integration therapy, and speech therapy before the age of three; can help improve the development of children with autism spectrumRead MoreEvidence Based Inter ventions And Ibi998 Words   |  4 Pages Evidence-Based Interventions and IBI Lindsay Chiasson- 000375743 Mohawk College History of Ontario’s autism initiative: The Ontario government is focused on providing effective early interventions for young children with autism (Perry, n.d.). Throughout the years, a substantial amount of research has been done regarding the neuroplasticity and the effectiveness of early intervention in young children (Perry, n.d.). The results of this research have given professionals a greater understandingRead MoreEducation Of Autistic And Related Communication Handicapped Children1548 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Abstract Autism is a developmental disorder that is having a great effect on our nation. Something must be done to slow the rising instances of cases of autism. Treatments and interventions must be implemented into a child with autisms life. Without these interventions the level of autism in a child will increase (Francis, 2005). The Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) method and Early Intensive Behavior Interventions (EIBI) method areRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder1446 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Health Problem Autism or autism spectrum disorder ( ASD) is a developmental disorder that has been found world wide. However unlike many other disorders, autism is fairly new in the sense that there is no cure nor a set factor causing it. Today, the public is more aware of the disorder, yet there is still concern about how to treat autism in children as well as what risk factors are more likely to lead to autism. Autism has been around for the past hundred years, however previous to theRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism1492 Words   |  6 Pageslots of attention. What used to be known as Autism was later renamed in the DSM to Autism Spectrum Disorder meaning, a neurodevelopmental disorder rather than a pervasive developmental disorder (Gargiulo, 2015). Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a restricted repertoire of activity and interests (Gargiulo, 2015). The IDEA describes autism as developmental disability that affects all areas

The Mississippi Arts Frameworks And The National Core Arts...

Upon reading both the Mississippi Arts Frameworks and the National Core Arts Standards, it became very apparent that there were similarities and contrast in both their structure and content. Both of these frameworks still have the overall goal of increasing both individuality, creativity, and important life skills in students. Both of these frameworks highlight important artistic processes and content, but both differ in the components that they contain as well. Additionally, both frameworks still have the same universal goal as other subject area, which is to inform readers of what a student should know and be able to do at different grade levels. Similarly, both standards are also offer itself as guides and models for educators to plan their instruction. Both standards offer a multitude of resourceful information that can guide teachers into designing a curriculum in which performance is assessed rather than paperwork. Beginning with an end in mind, both standards start off detailing what students should be able to know and do in each art discipline, an outcomes-based approach. (#)Both standards explain that Jay McTighe’s and Grant Wiggins’s framework Understanding by Design(UbD) was the basis for their standards. The writers National Arts Standards even obtained McTighe’s assistance in the development in their standards and assessments. Both standards also offer educators suggested assessments that align with their objectives; however they differ in the componentsShow MoreRelatedHow Education Is The Key Focus On Improving Test Scores1635 Words   |  7 PagesFor many years the government has played a role in how education was run. For decades, politics has placed its focus on student test scores, how to increase those test scores, and standards that must be followed in order to achieve the goals the politicians have set. Early childhood education has been the key focus on improving test scores. According to the politics, test scores must meet above average levels in order for students to become college and career ready. Greater emphasize is pushedRead MoreEssay on Common Core State Standards and Its Impact on Curriculum 1641 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Core State Standards and Its Impact on Curriculum Introduction Common Core State Standards (CCSS) is a voluntary state led initiative that looks to establish clear expectations for learning in grades kindergarten through twelfth that are standard from state to state. The purpose of the standards is to make certain that there is uniformity in student proficiency and high school graduates have the know-how and ability needed for college and a competitive workforce in the twenty-first centuryRead MoreNursing Is My Second Career2246 Words   |  9 Pagesavenue of nursing. I began working with the Hospitalist group as their clinical coordinator. This position provided an abundance of growth and success to my nursing career. 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However, in elementary schools inRead MoreWorldcom Case Study16775 Words   |  68 Pagescubicle at WorldCom Inc. headquarters located in Clinton, Mississippi, Gene Morse was stunned to find an accounting entry for $500 million in expenses, which was not accounted for with any invoices. He immediately reported this entry to his boss, vice president of internal audit Cynthia Cooper (Pulliam Solomon, 2002). Little did they know at the time that this discovery would begin a journey for Cooper and her team that would challenge their core values, ethical beliefs, moral principles, and strainRead MoreInduction Program, Performance, and Morale of Teachers in Selected Schools in Deped, Cavite City16840 Words   |  68 Pagesrespondents consisted of seventy-seven public school teachers in EPP/TLE that underwent the Teacher Induction Program. They were randomly selected from the different schools in DepE d, Cavite City. 6 Chapter 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK This chapter presents the conceptual framework of the study as developed from a review of related literature and studies. It discusses the theories and models which have significant bearing on the study. It includes the conceptual paradigm, the hypothesis, and the definitionRead MoreLgbt Community : The United States And The World Of The 21st Century8181 Words   |  33 Pagessolutions for Ebola, Lyme that put our survival itself at risk? When meditating on this question, let us also analyse our own sexual fabric. We set the standards of our own yardsticks to measure a sexual identity as valid/ invalid, normal/ abnormal, natural/ unnatural, acceptable/ unacceptable, moral/ immoral and finally good/ bad. Perhaps, upon these standards we define and adopt a sexual identity that belongs to a privileged position. 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G. specialized in melodramas, he shot comedies, historical films, thrillers, westerns, filmings of Bible and different works of literature. Before 1913 there existed an opinion, that the spectator can not watch the film longer than 15 minutes. He shotRead MoreStrategy Management18281 Words   |  74 PagesRothaermel (PhD) is the Angel and Stephen M. Deedy Professor in the College of Management at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is an Alfred P. Sloan Industry Studies Fellow, and also holds a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER award, which â₠¬Å"is a Foundation-wide activity that offers the National Science Foundation’s most prestigious awards in support of   .   .   .   those teacherscholars who most effectively integrate research and education   .   .   .† (NSF CAREER Award description). Frank’s research

The Change of Video From Analog to the Digital Free Essays

DVD is an exciting new technology because of the following benefits: up to nine hours of studio-quality video and multiple channel surround sound simultaneous multiple language support and interactivity other digital video delivery systems, including direct broadcast satellite, wireless cable and digital cable Digital video changes all aspects of video production. Up to this point video has been recorded and transmitted as analog electrical system. Analog video transmitters and receivers can be built inexpensively but are very expensive to transmit and store. We will write a custom essay sample on The Change of Video From Analog to the Digital or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, today ¡s strong digital computers cannot process analog signals, so analog information cannot be easily searched, sorted or edited. The change of video from the analog to the digital domain changes everything. Digital video can be stored and distributed more inexpensively than analog, and digital video can be stored on randomly accessible media such as a magnetic disk drive (hard discs), and optical disc media (CDs). When stored on randomly accessible media, video can be used in other applications such as games, education, training, and other applications. Even movies can become interactive, allowing viewers to select their point of view, a plot path and the ending. Digital video also significantly increases transmission efficiency so that communications networks, everything from television systems to telecommunication satellites, are able to carry from six to ten times more channels of video programming than was possible before, thereby offering more consumer choice. The ability to transmit video over the public phone network will also allow video conferencing, accelerating the work at home movement that is changing the way people are employed. DVDs can hold 4.7 to 17 billion bytes of digital data on a 120-mm (4.75 inch) disc. This can mean up to nine hours of studio quality video and multi-channel surround-sound audio, highly interactive multimedia computer programs, 30 hours of CD-quality audio, or anything else that can be represented as digital data. A DVD looks like a CD. It is a silvery platter, 4.75 inches in diameter with a hole in the center. Data is recorded on the disc in a spiral trail of tiny pits, and the discs are read using a laser beam. DVDs hold more information because the pits are smaller and the spiral is tighter and can record data in as many as four layers, two on each side of the disc. Lasers that have a shorter wavelength beam of light are more accurate aiming and focusing mechanisms. These are used to read the DVDs. In fact, the focusing mechanism is the technology that allows data to be recorded in two layers. To read the second layer, the reader focuses the laser deeper into the disc, where the second layer of data is recorded. Not only are two-layer discs possible, but double sided as well. This ability of four layers gives DVD its 17 gigabyte capacity. Since a 135-minute movie fits on a single DVD layer however, single-layer DVDs will be the most common. Philips was founded in 1891 by Gerald Philips in Eindhoven, the Netherlands as a manufacturer of incandescent lamps and other electronics. From its small beginning, Philips has emerged as one of today ¡s global leaders in electronics. As a thirty-nine billion-dollar company, Philips successfully competes in a wide range of markets such as consumer products, lighting, semiconductors, professional products and systems. Philips currently has a workforce of more than 250,000. The company has 243 production facilities scattered throughout twenty-five countries. Philips sells and services its products in 150 countries and their stock is traded in 16 stock exchanges in nine countries. The company presently has seven different product divisions and one hundred businesses in value based competitive analysis. Philips ranked first worldwide in lighting, color picture tubes, shavers, and dictation equipment. They are second in laser optics and monitors. The company is third among consumer electronics and medical imagining equipment. To maintain leadership in global markets through innovation, Philips reinvests 5.3% of its sales into research and development and has research laboratories in six countries. Through its commitment in research, Philips has come up with at least ten thousand inventions in field of optical recording, digital audio coding, digital video coding and mobile telephony. The company is a holder of 60,000 patents and design rights and almost 30,000 trademarks registrations. Philips possesses key patents in optical recording (CD-Audio, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-Video, DVD-ROM), digital audio coding (MPEG-2 audio compression) and mobile telephony (GMS and CDMA). Philips Magnavox was formed in 1974 when the two companies decided to join forces. Along with the Philips brand, there are several other name brands including, but not limited to, Marantz and Norelco. Philips Magnavox released the DVD400AT video player on April 30, 1997 at a retail price of $549. The new device allows for richer sound and video quality that was found  ¡V until then  ¡V only in movie theaters. In 1960 Akio Morita began Sony ¡s first major overseas venture in the United States in New York City with a capital investment of $500,000. They employed six people initially but would grow into one of the largest components of Sony ¡s worldwide operations. Currently, Sony Electronics, Inc. in North America has one-third of Sony ¡s corporate assets worldwide. They are the largest geographical operation of the corporation. They rake in some $9.6 billion sales on a given year and roughly $1.3 billion in exports. The North American plants employ a total of 24,000 people whose job range from manufacturing to customer service to research and development and marketing and sales. During the 1995 Consumer Electronics show, Sony debuted the first prototype DVD player in the United States. On January 8, 1997, Sony Electronics released their first DVD player at a retail price of about $1,000  ¡V a big difference from today ¡s $400 price tag. John Briesch, President of Sony Electronics A/V Group said,  ¡Ã‚ §We have designed our first DVD player, model DVP-S7000, as a high-end product to deliver not only reference-standard DVD video quality, but state-of-the-art CD sound as well. ¡ Panasonic introduced its first products into the U.S. market in 1961. The founder of its parent company  ¡V Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Co.  ¡V Konosuke Matsushita believed that  ¡Ã‚ §Matsushita makes people before it makes products. ¡ He basically believed that valuing employees first would lead to better quality products. It seems that his successors have carried out his vision because Panasonic continues to sell high quality products in the U.S. and abroad. The company currently employs 19,500 people in factories, sales companies, service centers and research facilities in the U.S., Puerto Rico, Mexico and Canada. Divx is the latest technology to revolutionize DVD players. Divx movies are synonymous with movie rentals in the sense they can be viewed for a set period of time (48 hours from the time of the initial playing). Unlike traditional movie rentals, Divx doesn ¡t have any late fees tacked on to the price. In addition, there are no late night trips to the video store to return movies. A Divx movie costs an average of $4.50, which includes an initial viewing time of forty-eight hours from the time of pressing the play button. After that time is up, an additional forty-eight hours can be purchased for $3.25. It is done through the internal modem to an 800 number and information is uploaded back to the CD on a very small chip. This can be repeated as often as the user likes. Also, a person may decide a movie on Divx is worth watching over and over. During this case, a Dixv can be converted into a movie that has unlimited playing time and is like a regular DVD movie. Technological and social/cultural shifts: With the advent of the DVD, more and more data can be stored on a single disc. In addition, the DVD is far more interactive than the traditional VHS tape. For example, on a DVD two or more languages can be stored. That couldn ¡t happen on a VHS tape because of limiting recording time. Furthermore, people don ¡t have to leave their house to watch a DVD. With the emergency of e-commerce on the Internet an individual can order a movie off of the web and have it delivered to the front door within days. This takes away from the social interaction with people that occurs in a store setting. People are able to use the DVD to learn another language. Take for instance a DVD that has superstar French-Canadian Celine Dion singing her various songs. One option in the program is to change the lyrics that are displayed on the screen to French. As Celine Dion sings in English, the words matching up to what she is singing are displayed on the bottom of the screen. This is an excellent way to learn another language. There are many different ways that are now being developed to copyright protect the movies, programs and videos etc. that are on the new DVDs. The three most common ways that were found to be used already to protect DVDs are: Regional coding, Content scrambling system and the Copy generation management system (CGMS). When you buy your first DVD drive and install it, you now have to enter the zone in which you live. The world is divided into six sections, with Canada and the United States as zone 1. The DVD disc also has its own codes that allow it to be played in certain parts of the world and not in others. This forces people that buy DVD discs in Zone 1 to also have to utilize discs that are coded for Zone 1. This prohibits movies that are produced in other Zones from being used where they should not be. The code can however be changed on your DVD drive. The code can only be changed a couple of times, thus prohibiting people from changing the code constantly and abusing the protection. It allows the user to change the code a couple of times so that if they move to a different zone they will not be penalized. The second type of encryption is called the Content Scrambling System. (CSS) This is a key-based data encryption that  ¡Ã‚ §sets up a protocol whereby your drive and the disc exchange keys. ¡ The keys are legal, registered mechanism of the Content Scrambling System. Any hardware that is sold or brought into different zones must be registered. When the keys are found to be authentic, then the DVDs can be decrypted. The third type of protection comes from the VCR technology that we are all very familiar with. The Copy Generation Management System is the technology that makes it impossible to copy two videos between two VCRs with a good resolution and brightness. This system works by embedding a signal in a part of the video that is not usually seen by the user. This signal causes the brightness of the video to vary and for the picture to be unreliable. This same technology has been implemented for use with DVDs. Although it seems possible that some people may be able to overcome these copyright traps, the user has to have at least an 8, 10 or 17 GB hard drive. How to cite The Change of Video From Analog to the Digital, Essay examples

The Change of Video From Analog to the Digital Free Essays

DVD is an exciting new technology because of the following benefits: up to nine hours of studio-quality video and multiple channel surround sound simultaneous multiple language support and interactivity other digital video delivery systems, including direct broadcast satellite, wireless cable and digital cable Digital video changes all aspects of video production. Up to this point video has been recorded and transmitted as analog electrical system. Analog video transmitters and receivers can be built inexpensively but are very expensive to transmit and store. We will write a custom essay sample on The Change of Video From Analog to the Digital or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, today ¡s strong digital computers cannot process analog signals, so analog information cannot be easily searched, sorted or edited. The change of video from the analog to the digital domain changes everything. Digital video can be stored and distributed more inexpensively than analog, and digital video can be stored on randomly accessible media such as a magnetic disk drive (hard discs), and optical disc media (CDs). When stored on randomly accessible media, video can be used in other applications such as games, education, training, and other applications. Even movies can become interactive, allowing viewers to select their point of view, a plot path and the ending. Digital video also significantly increases transmission efficiency so that communications networks, everything from television systems to telecommunication satellites, are able to carry from six to ten times more channels of video programming than was possible before, thereby offering more consumer choice. The ability to transmit video over the public phone network will also allow video conferencing, accelerating the work at home movement that is changing the way people are employed. DVDs can hold 4.7 to 17 billion bytes of digital data on a 120-mm (4.75 inch) disc. This can mean up to nine hours of studio quality video and multi-channel surround-sound audio, highly interactive multimedia computer programs, 30 hours of CD-quality audio, or anything else that can be represented as digital data. A DVD looks like a CD. It is a silvery platter, 4.75 inches in diameter with a hole in the center. Data is recorded on the disc in a spiral trail of tiny pits, and the discs are read using a laser beam. DVDs hold more information because the pits are smaller and the spiral is tighter and can record data in as many as four layers, two on each side of the disc. Lasers that have a shorter wavelength beam of light are more accurate aiming and focusing mechanisms. These are used to read the DVDs. In fact, the focusing mechanism is the technology that allows data to be recorded in two layers. To read the second layer, the reader focuses the laser deeper into the disc, where the second layer of data is recorded. Not only are two-layer discs possible, but double sided as well. This ability of four layers gives DVD its 17 gigabyte capacity. Since a 135-minute movie fits on a single DVD layer however, single-layer DVDs will be the most common. Philips was founded in 1891 by Gerald Philips in Eindhoven, the Netherlands as a manufacturer of incandescent lamps and other electronics. From its small beginning, Philips has emerged as one of today ¡s global leaders in electronics. As a thirty-nine billion-dollar company, Philips successfully competes in a wide range of markets such as consumer products, lighting, semiconductors, professional products and systems. Philips currently has a workforce of more than 250,000. The company has 243 production facilities scattered throughout twenty-five countries. Philips sells and services its products in 150 countries and their stock is traded in 16 stock exchanges in nine countries. The company presently has seven different product divisions and one hundred businesses in value based competitive analysis. Philips ranked first worldwide in lighting, color picture tubes, shavers, and dictation equipment. They are second in laser optics and monitors. The company is third among consumer electronics and medical imagining equipment. To maintain leadership in global markets through innovation, Philips reinvests 5.3% of its sales into research and development and has research laboratories in six countries. Through its commitment in research, Philips has come up with at least ten thousand inventions in field of optical recording, digital audio coding, digital video coding and mobile telephony. The company is a holder of 60,000 patents and design rights and almost 30,000 trademarks registrations. Philips possesses key patents in optical recording (CD-Audio, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-Video, DVD-ROM), digital audio coding (MPEG-2 audio compression) and mobile telephony (GMS and CDMA). Philips Magnavox was formed in 1974 when the two companies decided to join forces. Along with the Philips brand, there are several other name brands including, but not limited to, Marantz and Norelco. Philips Magnavox released the DVD400AT video player on April 30, 1997 at a retail price of $549. The new device allows for richer sound and video quality that was found  ¡V until then  ¡V only in movie theaters. In 1960 Akio Morita began Sony ¡s first major overseas venture in the United States in New York City with a capital investment of $500,000. They employed six people initially but would grow into one of the largest components of Sony ¡s worldwide operations. Currently, Sony Electronics, Inc. in North America has one-third of Sony ¡s corporate assets worldwide. They are the largest geographical operation of the corporation. They rake in some $9.6 billion sales on a given year and roughly $1.3 billion in exports. The North American plants employ a total of 24,000 people whose job range from manufacturing to customer service to research and development and marketing and sales. During the 1995 Consumer Electronics show, Sony debuted the first prototype DVD player in the United States. On January 8, 1997, Sony Electronics released their first DVD player at a retail price of about $1,000  ¡V a big difference from today ¡s $400 price tag. John Briesch, President of Sony Electronics A/V Group said,  ¡Ã‚ §We have designed our first DVD player, model DVP-S7000, as a high-end product to deliver not only reference-standard DVD video quality, but state-of-the-art CD sound as well. ¡ Panasonic introduced its first products into the U.S. market in 1961. The founder of its parent company  ¡V Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Co.  ¡V Konosuke Matsushita believed that  ¡Ã‚ §Matsushita makes people before it makes products. ¡ He basically believed that valuing employees first would lead to better quality products. It seems that his successors have carried out his vision because Panasonic continues to sell high quality products in the U.S. and abroad. The company currently employs 19,500 people in factories, sales companies, service centers and research facilities in the U.S., Puerto Rico, Mexico and Canada. Divx is the latest technology to revolutionize DVD players. Divx movies are synonymous with movie rentals in the sense they can be viewed for a set period of time (48 hours from the time of the initial playing). Unlike traditional movie rentals, Divx doesn ¡t have any late fees tacked on to the price. In addition, there are no late night trips to the video store to return movies. A Divx movie costs an average of $4.50, which includes an initial viewing time of forty-eight hours from the time of pressing the play button. After that time is up, an additional forty-eight hours can be purchased for $3.25. It is done through the internal modem to an 800 number and information is uploaded back to the CD on a very small chip. This can be repeated as often as the user likes. Also, a person may decide a movie on Divx is worth watching over and over. During this case, a Dixv can be converted into a movie that has unlimited playing time and is like a regular DVD movie. Technological and social/cultural shifts: With the advent of the DVD, more and more data can be stored on a single disc. In addition, the DVD is far more interactive than the traditional VHS tape. For example, on a DVD two or more languages can be stored. That couldn ¡t happen on a VHS tape because of limiting recording time. Furthermore, people don ¡t have to leave their house to watch a DVD. With the emergency of e-commerce on the Internet an individual can order a movie off of the web and have it delivered to the front door within days. This takes away from the social interaction with people that occurs in a store setting. People are able to use the DVD to learn another language. Take for instance a DVD that has superstar French-Canadian Celine Dion singing her various songs. One option in the program is to change the lyrics that are displayed on the screen to French. As Celine Dion sings in English, the words matching up to what she is singing are displayed on the bottom of the screen. This is an excellent way to learn another language. There are many different ways that are now being developed to copyright protect the movies, programs and videos etc. that are on the new DVDs. The three most common ways that were found to be used already to protect DVDs are: Regional coding, Content scrambling system and the Copy generation management system (CGMS). When you buy your first DVD drive and install it, you now have to enter the zone in which you live. The world is divided into six sections, with Canada and the United States as zone 1. The DVD disc also has its own codes that allow it to be played in certain parts of the world and not in others. This forces people that buy DVD discs in Zone 1 to also have to utilize discs that are coded for Zone 1. This prohibits movies that are produced in other Zones from being used where they should not be. The code can however be changed on your DVD drive. The code can only be changed a couple of times, thus prohibiting people from changing the code constantly and abusing the protection. It allows the user to change the code a couple of times so that if they move to a different zone they will not be penalized. The second type of encryption is called the Content Scrambling System. (CSS) This is a key-based data encryption that  ¡Ã‚ §sets up a protocol whereby your drive and the disc exchange keys. ¡ The keys are legal, registered mechanism of the Content Scrambling System. Any hardware that is sold or brought into different zones must be registered. When the keys are found to be authentic, then the DVDs can be decrypted. The third type of protection comes from the VCR technology that we are all very familiar with. The Copy Generation Management System is the technology that makes it impossible to copy two videos between two VCRs with a good resolution and brightness. This system works by embedding a signal in a part of the video that is not usually seen by the user. This signal causes the brightness of the video to vary and for the picture to be unreliable. This same technology has been implemented for use with DVDs. Although it seems possible that some people may be able to overcome these copyright traps, the user has to have at least an 8, 10 or 17 GB hard drive. How to cite The Change of Video From Analog to the Digital, Essay examples

Swot Analysis on Vietnamese Economy free essay sample

In recent years, globalization has become one of the most popular term involving in many business articles and speeches. Globalization has brought both advantages and disadvantages to the world in many aspects, from economy to culture. Along with the trend is the expansion of multinational company. Nowadays, it is common to see a company with operations in many countries. In order to penetrate to a new country, every entrepreneur should have a SWOT analysis about the country to know about its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The analysis will help the entrepreneur to find a proper strategy for the company to operate in the new country. This SWOT report will analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Vietnamese economy. With the GDP increases steadily 7% per year, Vietnam is a noticeable country which offers investors from every countries lots of strengths and advantages that they could find attractive and useful for their business process. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis on Vietnamese Economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When comes to the strength, location can be the first strong point that has greatly affected the Vietnamese economy. Generally, Vietnam locates in the south east Asia, in the middle of the Pacific Asia area. It is bordered by Laos to the north west, Cambodia to the south west, People’s Republic of China to the north and the east sea to the east. Due to its location, Vietnam can be considered as the common trading place of the whole area, in which many companies take as its transition. For instance, many Japanese and Korean companies take Vietnam as a stop point in their process delivering products to the more southern countries. It is all due to the central location of Vietnam. Therefore, a huge amount of money has been invested in Vietnam with the purpose of not only improving the conditions but also attracting more investors. Vietnam has become an open market and become more popular in the past decades. Many important business events of the whole area have been held in Vietnam recently. Furthermore, having approximately 3260 km of the border which meets the sea, Vietnam has the advantage of transportation and delivery. Heavy products such as cars, minerals, etc. can be much cheaper transported through the sea route than by planes. The low cost of delivery can lead to the decrease in the price of both imported and exported products. This is maybe one of the most attractive trait of Vietnam, which offers to investors the possibility to make profit from a small amount of capital invested. Natural resource is another strength of Vietnam. Located in the most eastern part, faced the Truong Son mountain to the west and the east sea to the east, Vietnam has the access to plenty kinds of resource, such as minerals, soil, wood, petroleum and gas complex, a diversity of animals, etc. With the tradition of thousand years of agriculture, Vietnam ranks second among the most exported rice countries in the world. This is due to not only the proper policies of Vietnamese government, but also because of the appropriate climates and terrain, which mostly includes deltas and low mountain. Besides, Vietnam also gains lots of money from exporting petroleum, sea species, coal, etc. Moreover, having the access to several kinds of resources means Vietnam can provide raw materials and producing ingredients itself. It can lead to the lower producing cost, due to the self-supply of raw materials. On the other hand, the profit from selling materials takes an important role in the economy. For instance, Vietnam not only can produce energy enough for the whole country but also enough to sell to other countries, such as Laos. . Thirdly, Vietnam ranks 13rd among the most populous countries in the world, which means it has a huge amount of working force. With 88 million people (2010) in a small area of 331,212 km? , the labor cost is extremely cheap and with the population density as high as in Vietnam, it is easy for companies to find employees. In 2009, the monthly minimum wage for a fulltime worker, working 8 hours per day, 7 days per week, required by the government is 730. 000 Vietnamese dong, which is equal to â‚ ¬26 at the current exchange rate. In comparison with the number in developed countries, â‚ ¬9 per hour in the UK for example, no wonder why big multinational companies all over the world have been trying to outsource to Vietnam. There are many factories along the country which are manufacturing final products for world top multinational companies. Nike, Adidas, Panasonic, Toyota, etc. , all place their factories in Vietnam. In fact, when one goes shopping in Europe, it is no surprised to see a product of a famous brand with the â€Å"Made in Vietnam† label printed on it . Moreover, according to some latest research, Vietnam has a young population. It can lead to a more effective working force, compared to countries which have an old population, such as Finland and Japan. In the last decades, the literacy rate of Vietnam has been increasing steadily, from 88% in 1989, 90% in 1999 to 93,5% in 2009. More people get a bachelor’s degree nowadays, which leads to the improvement in the worker’s skill. Offering not only a strong flow but an efficient working force, Vietnam has been attracting more investors every year. Having joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in November 17, 2006 opens to Vietnam lots of advantages regarding the economy. According to the major principles, joining WTO brings Vietnam to the expansion of market and increase in exports. Especially in agriculture and textiles, WTO has set out various measures to gradually eliminate trade barriers of other countries on Vietnam. Moreover, joining the WTO can be the gate leads Vietnam to a more open market, which offers many possibility to attract foreign investors. WTO membership helps Vietnam get a perfect legal, more transparency and more attractive environment for direct investment by foreigners. WTO accession is also a very clear message about the commitment of the Vietnamese reform and create confidence for investors to put funds into the business in Vietnam. In addition, a more equal opportunities to access the market for other WTO members with transparent standards of the WTO, is also an important factor to attract foreign investment. However, Vietnam still has some weaknesses that must be managed properly in order to sustain it development steadily. Generally, the biggest weakness of Vietnam is the lack of capital. Although Vietnam has been attracting lots of investment from external sources, the capital, which is commonly provided by the government, is not enough for improving the condition of Vietnam. It leads to the lack of infrastructures and facilities. This could affect greatly to the possibility for investors to invest money in Vietnam, as they may have to pay more than the real business process will costs for upgrading the facilities. For instance, building a factory may not only cost the money to build the factory itself, but business man may have to pay extra fee to the authorities to get a connection of network, electronic and water, as not everywhere in Vietnam has electronic and water connection. However, the reason of the situation can also be the improper governance, which can leads to the improper policy. Despite of investing the available capital in the most optimal ways, in order to create more money, the government has chosen to invest the capital in others project which the profitability is less. In addition, Vietnamese policies have not focused on saving natural resources. In the recent years, forests have been cutting down, sea has been spoiled and tons of animals have been killed for private purposes. Moreover, in the most public way, other important sources, such as petroleum and coal have been over used. Scientists believe that if the Vietnamese government would not come up with any solutions, its natural resources will run out in 20 years. Having a long history associating with China, Vietnam gets effect easily from China. Specifically the recent corruption in China. According to the 2007 annual report of Transparency International (IT), 14% of Vietnamese population has to committed corruption, while in Finland, America, Denmark, Ireland, Netherland, Portugal, UK the rate is 2% and in Canada, Japan, Korea, Australia, France, Iceland, Sweden and Switzerland is 1%. This is also because of the weak governance of Vietnamese government that causes such a high rate of corruption. In long terms the situation can get worse and affect to many aspects of life. Another problem is the high rate of inflation in Vietnam recently. According to the Institution of Developing Economies (IDE-JETRO) in Japan, the inflation rate of Vietnam in 2008 is 8,1%, despite every measures to control it of the government. High rate of inflation leads to the increase in the cost to produce products, which means the investors will have to pay more in order to produce the same products. It can relatively raise the prices of selling products, which causes the decrease in demand of consumer. Thus, the lack of well educated worker is another problem that can affect to the producing cost. In 2009, Vietnamese government has announced that there are only 8,6 million people have been educated, among 88 million of population. In 8,6 million educated people, there are 4,7% graduated from high schools, 1,6% graduated from colleges, 4,2% completed their universities and only 0,2% gets there after graduated degree. This proves the serious lack of skilled workers in Vietnam. Finally, yet importantly, the huge amount of debts of Vietnam is an important point among the weaknesses Vietnam has to face. According to the Debt Maps calculated by The Economist (USA), in 2010 the specific debt of Vietnam is 50. 16. 438. 356 USD, takes 51,7% GDP. This indicates that the Vietnamese debt has increased largely from 106 USD per person in 2001 (26. 6% GDP) to 578,65 USD per person in 2010. This compares to other developed countries, such as Finland, Japan, is not much. However, experts believe that Vietnam can hardly pay the debts in the next 50 years, while the debts still increase each yea r. This huge amount of debts can lead to the lack of investment in infrastructure and facilities supported to the economic process. On the other hand, there are plenty of opportunities available for Vietnam. Especially after Vietnam has joined WTO in 2006. After joining WTO, Vietnam can have chances to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of the economy. By reducing taxes and non-tariff barriers, opening the services market, which is according to the WTO’s principles, the business environment of Vietnam will become more competitive. Regarding the situation, internal and external enterprises would have to raise their self-improvement, in order to meet the expectation and compete with other enterprises. The United Nations (UN) predicts that urbanization will continue to be the long term trend. By the early 2040s, the urban population will rise from 29% of the population to 50%. The rise in urban population will lead to the increase in demand of product and the taste of consumer. The opportunity of Vietnam becoming a potential business environment for external investors will relatively increase. Finally, yet importantly, the threat that possibly will occur can verify greatly as the world is changing day by day. Identifying threat can help the economists come up with the measures in order to prevent or manage it properly. Serious inflation and deficit situation in Vietnam may lead to the re-assessment process of some investors over Vietnamese economy. If the government focuses too much on stimulating growth of Vietnam and fails to root out inflationary pressure, it risks prolonging instability, which could lead to crisis. Another threat could be predicted may come from other developing countries and the BRICs, which refer to Brazil, Russia, India and China. The possibility that oversea enterprises will choose this group of countries for their business operation instead of Vietnam is the main threat that occurs. Other developing countries and especially the BRICs have the ability to provide other companies a strong flow of working force with much lower cost but higher working skill. Besides, understanding their strengths and weaknesses, these countries have come up with much open policy in order to attract investors invested in both business operation and infrastructures. In conclusion, the SWOT analysis has summary the four important factors of a country: strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. In this case, Vietnam has had a quite high developing rate in recent years, along with many achievements. By knowing their own strength and weakness, Vietnamese government has come up with many measures in order to sustain the advantages and limit the weakness of its economy. Thus, predicting the opportunities the world has to offer and the threat that can occur is one of the important step that Vietnamese authorities should put it much consideration. However, despite the weaknesses, Vietnam is still among one of the most developing countries in the last few decades.

Free sample - Modern religious faiths characteristics. translation missing

Modern religious faiths characteristics. Modern religious faiths characteristicsModern religious faiths characteristics Today, millions of people worship various religions around the globe. Two of the major religions in the world are Hinduism and Judaism and they have coexisted for very many years. Whereas they are similar in the way they set their morals and rules, they differ in their believes on the afterlife and on where they started from. While the Jews believe of the heaven as their afterlife, Hindus have a belief that one is reincarnated until he/she reaches the Brahma. Jews have a belief that if one did right in everything while on earth, then they shall expend the eternity in Heaven with their God. Bhaskarananda, 1994 argues that Hindus have believed in Karma which is the faith that if you do good things, then excellent things shall come about to you and vice versa. When one dies in Hinduism, he/she reaches the Brahma where the hurting cycle of rebirth is lastly ended. In Judaism one is supposed to lead a good life and to be kind to each and everyone. If one attains success at this, he/she will lead the whole of eternity in heaven with God. The Jews, adore only one god, who they trust to be the one and only creator and the ruler. Hindus endorse and believe in the Caste System, which is interrelated with their view on reincarnation. Jews necessarily lack this system because they do not characteristically concur with the thought of reincarnation, despite the fact that there are a few, the structure does not subsist as a major thing to this religion. Jews do not have an exact method of steady body discipline, to remain on the unchanged focus as their god, they do something to some extent the same. This is how they pray their God. For Hindus, Yoga is practiced, which is intended to bring their bodies and their souls on the same level and conveys them nearer to the Ultimate Being. According to Hinduism, remaining pure in life and keeping a good karma, as a result of their good dealings on earth is the key to staying a good life. Those who live both socially and morally pure, they get to have their way upwards the Caste System in their after that incarnation. After some reincarnations, the Hindus may accomplish their ultimate goal, which is to achieve faultless peace of mind, and to be one with Brahma. This happens when they have gone through a life having done no mistakes, and have been â€Å"perfect† in essence. In Judaism an individual endeavors to relate well with their god. Throughout their single life that they go through, they have a trust in God, â€Å"both love him, and reverently fear him† (Louis, 2007. Pg 511), and to establish a close relationship with him. This is their supreme objective. When they achieve such, â€Å"They will be rewarded by God, the messiah will come, and the dead will be resurrected† (Louis, 2007. Pg 511). T he religions most likely wanted its faction to believe in these, for the reason that it gave them something to look ahead to, and it presented them with grounds to be good throughout their life. According to Robert in his anthology of world scriptures, the Hindus have a somewhat unique view on death. Someone who dies, if they are not yet entirely pure, they are reincarnated into another incarnation. This helps them continue their path to ultimate peace and unification with the Ultimate Being (Bhaskarananda, 1994). If a Hindu has no black marks on his soul, and is absolutely pure, they may find this ultimate peace and unification. Their soul will no longer remain in a human body/vessel, but will be one with Brahma. The Jewish view on death is that it’s not something to grieve over, because it is all part of Gods plan, so their time of death, even if it may seem untimely, was planned, and timed perfectly. If the person led a good life, they can look forward to a nice afterlife, similar to the Christian Heaven, but not exactly the same. As they all know that a good person is going to a good place when they die, the death of another is not typically a sad occasion, but th ere may be grieving, in which there is a set process so a mourner can slowly return to a normal life. So after looking at both Hinduism and Judaism, which are some of our oldest popular religions, we can conclude that they are both indeed different. They differ a lot in some of the greater points, such as their 3 main focuses of their religion, their goal of life, and their views on death and dying. As we saw though, these could be somewhat similar in that their goal of life was closely intertwined with their views of death and dying. Though, they are typically different, otherwise. This shows that the religions, Hinduism and Judaism, are some of the most differing religions, as well as some of the most ancient. Robert in his anthology of world scriptures informs that Hinduism was started in India while Judaism started in Israel many years later. The Aryans were the first of the Indian people to establish the Vedas which formed the foundations of the Hindu as a religion. Every law that followed as well as the moral standards of Hinduism was founded off of the Vedas. In Israel just about 3000 B.C.E. people started worshiping God, and live according to the teachings of Moses. Torah, their holy book, comprised of various writings that were supposedly prepared by Moses throughout his 950 year life. These books have teachings about the same moral standards such as; don’t kill, steal, or commit adultery. Most probably, these religions started off where and in the way they did, for the reason that the governments required a way to maintain their people in line, so they came up with these standards and rules by which people could live by. While these two religions differ in some way, they have some similarities like in how they have some particular rules that must be obeyed by their followers who must do so to get to Nirvana. Each of these religions has got guild lines that state what one should do to appease their gods or God and how to be a good person. All of these rules and guild lines have been put down in their holy books; the Vedas and the Torah. These religions most probably had rule books to ensure that the people went by the accurate path and carried out the correct things in life so as to get to a happy and eternal afterlife. Judaism and Hinduism have several differences based on their origins and on their ideas of an afterlife, but they also have some similarities in the way they share laid down regulations that their faction ought to live by. These two religions have got a massive impact on the contemporary, for the reason that they are still put into practice by millions of people across the globe. They educate people how to lead truthful life, and how to be good to other people while they live on Earth. All interviews were done in person with two active members of Judaism and Hinduism. The chosen members are all youthful followers of the two religions respectively. The Hindu is a young man of age 24 years, single, staunch follower of Hinduism as a religion and studying in an American university. Here below are the questions I asked and responses from the young man: 1) What is your religious denomination? Well, I am a part of the Hinduism religion. 2) For how long have you practiced Hinduism? I was born into Hinduism as I was born in India. 3) State three tenets of your religion? The three I can think of off the top of my head is Brahmin, Brahna, and Reincarnation. 4) Who was the founding father Hinduism? The founder of my religion is not known and even the date it started is also not known. 5) What do you love about your religion? I love the fact that my religion is very old. The Orthodox Judaism is a university male student, 23years of age, single, and not a strong follower of Orthodox Judaism as a religion. My face-to-face interview with him ensued into the following discussion: 1) What is your religious denomination? Well, I am an Orthodox Judaism. 2) What is the difference between Christianity and Judaism? In Christianity Jesus is worshiped as the messiah, while Judaism doesn't. Also, Judaism believes in the Old Testament while Christianity believes in the New Testament. 3) Do you people believe that Jesus really existed or do you believe that his being was fictionalized? Our belief is that Jesus existed. In fact, Jesus was a Jew himself! 4) You just decide not to worship him? There is no reason for us to worship Jesus, who is just another man. Actually we are taught that he wasn’t such a good man. 5) So what you mean is that Mary the virgin was not actually a virgin? Hehe! Hehe, that’s not what I was getting to. I really know little about Jesus, but I know of him to do very un-Jew-like dealings. I don’t want to offend you man, so I am avoiding getting into so much detail about Jesus. Works cited: Bhaskarananda, Swami. â€Å"The Essentials of Hinduism: a comprehensive overview of the world's oldest religion† Seattle, WA: Viveka Press, 1994. Louis. "Judaism." In Fred Skolnik. Encyclopaedia Judaica. 11 (2d Ed.). Farmington Hills,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mich.: Thomson Gale.2007, p. 511. Mary Pat Fisher, Living Religion 7TH edition Robert E. Van Voorst, Anthology of World Scriptures 8th Edition Jacobs,

Why You Should Use Reusable Shopping Bags

Why You Should Use Reusable Shopping Bags The next time the clerk at your favorite grocery store asks whether you prefer â€Å"paper or plastic† for your purchases, consider giving the truly eco-friendly response and saying, â€Å"neither.† Plastic bags end up as litter that fouls the landscape and kill thousands of marine animals every year that mistake the floating bags for food. Plastic bags that get buried in landfills may take up to 1,000 years to break down, and in the process, they separate into smaller and smaller toxic particles that contaminate soil and water. Furthermore, the production of plastic bags consume millions of gallons of oil that could be used for fuel and heating. Is Paper Better Than Plastic? Paper bags, which many people consider a better alternative to plastic bags, carry their own set of environmental problems. For example, according to the American Forest and Paper Association, in 1999 the U.S. alone used 10 billion paper grocery bags, which adds up to a lot of trees, plus a lot of water and chemicals to process the paper. Reusable Bags Are a Better Option But if you decline both paper and plastic bags, then how do you get your groceries home? The answer, according to many environmentalists, is high-quality reusable shopping bags made of materials that don’t harm the environment during production and don’t need to be discarded after each use. You can find a good selection of high-quality reusable bags online, or at most grocery stores, department stores, and food co-operatives. Experts estimate that 500 billion to 1 trillion plastic bags are consumed and discarded annually worldwide- more than a million per minute. Here are a few facts about plastic bags to help demonstrate the value of reusable bags to consumers and the environment: Plastic bags are not biodegradable. They actually go through a process called photodegradation- breaking down into smaller and smaller toxic particles that contaminate both soil and water, and end up entering the food chain when animals accidentally ingest them.According to the Environmental Protection Agency, more than 380 billion plastic bags are used in the United States every year. Of those, approximately 100 billion are plastic shopping bags, which cost retailers about $4 billion annually.According to various estimates, Taiwan consumes 20 billion plastic bags annually (900 per person), Japan consumes 300 billion bags each year (300 per person), and Australia consumes 6.9 billion plastic bags annually (326 per person).Hundreds of thousands of whales, dolphins, sea turtles, and other marine mammals die every year after eating discarded plastic bags they mistake for food.Discarded plastic bags have become so common in Africa they have spawned a cottage industry. People there collec t the bags and use them to weave hats, bags, and other goods. According to the BBC, one such group routinely collects 30,000 bags every month. Plastic bags as litter have even become commonplace in Antarctica and other remote areas. According to David Barnes, a marine scientist with the British Antarctic Survey, plastic bags have gone from being rare in the late 1980s and early 1990s to being almost everywhere in Antarctica. Some governments have recognized the severity of the problem and are taking action to help combat it. Strategic Taxes Can Cut Plastic Bag Use In 2001, for example, Ireland was using 1.2 billion plastic bags annually, about 316 per person. In 2002, the Irish government imposed a plastic bag consumption tax (called a PlasTax), which has reduced consumption by 90 percent. The tax of $.15 per bag is paid by consumers when they check out at the store. Besides cutting back on litter, Ireland’s tax has saved approximately 18 million liters of oil. Several other governments around the world are now considering a similar tax on plastic bags. Governments Use the Law to Limit Plastic Bags More recently, Japan passed a law that empowers the government to issue warnings to merchants that overuse plastic bags and don’t do enough to â€Å"reduce, reuse, or recycle.† In Japanese culture, it is common for stores to wrap each item in its own bag, which the Japanese consider a matter of both good hygiene and respect or politeness. Companies Making Tough Choices Meanwhile, some eco-friendly companies- such as Toronto’s Mountain Equipment Co-op- are voluntarily exploring ethical alternatives to plastic bags, turning to biodegradable bags made from corn. The corn-based bags cost several times more than plastic bags, but are produced using much less energy and will break down in landfills or composters in four to 12 weeks. Edited by Frederic Beaudry

Communiction Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Communiction Theories - Essay Example For example, the phrase â€Å"Where are you going†, without the question mark will be read flatly whereas, when written in the form, â€Å"Where are you going?†; there is an indication that the speaker should have a falling pitch. Moreover, the importance of punctuation marks are seen in the meanings relayed in the sentences. For instance, â€Å"They are Grants sisters† and â€Å"They are Grant’s sisters† imply different meanings where the former presents two probable corrections. First, it may be considered that the writer missed a word and can be corrected as â€Å"They are the Grants sisters† meaning, they are the sisters from the Grants family. Secondly, it could be edited to form the second sentence with the apostrophe, distinctly stating that they are the sisters of Grant. It is vital not only to place the punctuation marks on the right places but also to use the correct punctuation mark because they can change the tone of a sentence which consequently will change the meaning of the sentence. â€Å"You are good.†, is a statement. â€Å"You are good!†, indicates an excited feeling towards the person being appreciated. â€Å"You are good?†, poses a challeng ing tone to the person being referred to regarding goodness. These few examples show how punctuation marks affect communication so much that students and professionals alike are drawn to the study of

Drawing on academic theories and examples from practice, critically Essay

Drawing on academic theories and examples from practice, critically explore if diversity and inclusion make business sense - Essay Example Providing opportunities on the basis of differences in class, race, gender, religion or language is considered unjustifiable. Equality of opportunity is one of the forms of social equality and is best expressed in the phrase â€Å"career open to talents†. It means that individuals should attain public opportunities that they deserve because of the talent they possess and their achievements; color, nationality, religion, gender or any such corresponding characteristic should not hinder their progress. Consequently, equality of opportunity simply demonstrates the concept of equality before the law. The concept allows freedom to accompany an individual’s private interest or ambition without any arbitrary constraints based on inappropriate personal attributes. A good example from practice could be that of matrimony. An individual has every right to marry under any circumstances but it is not necessary that he gets whatever he desires for as his wife. In business, it means f reedom to engage in trade. However, it doesn’t give one a right to force someone else to give you a chance in his trade. In a nutshell, equality of outcome is a radically different concept. While equality of opportunity supports the idea that all individuals start at the same time, the concept of equality of outcome makes sure that all finish at the same time. It provides differentiated policies to social groups that have been disadvantaged. It is different from equality of opportunity which is a rather liberal approach and focuses on individuals rather than groups. The business case for  diversity formulates that in a global market, a firm taking on a diverse personnel (that includes both men and women, people from different generations, people from diverse backgrounds with respect to ethnicity and race, etc.) understands the enumeration of the marketplace it assists in a much better way and is and therefore has more chances of flourishing and surviving in that market than the one with a diminished variation in workforce statistics. A further consequence of this is that the employees working in a company approving of diversity are more satisfied; help in improving productivity and are more likely to be retained in the business. This contribution of the business case describes how a business makes use of its various diversities. In case of a diverse labor pool, if the span of this background is not recognized by the entrepreneur, then he might be able to enjoy the advantages following from diversity. Generally, the entrepreneurs are not authorized to consider ethnicity or race in recruiting the workforce. However, in case there is a ‘manifest imbalance’ in a ‘traditionally segregated job category’, the US Supreme Court has allowed for a limited selection on the basis of gender, ethnicity or race. Diversity in the workplace casts a special affluence, but also special confrontations. It is up to the organizations’ owners to make use of diversity in terms of an inspiring asset so as to boost organizational performance. C.L. Walck characterizes conducting diversity in the workplace as "Negotiating interaction across culturally diverse groups, and contriving to get along in an environment characterized by cultural diversity". Diversity benefits both the society and

Developing Transport Service Provisions in Rural Areas

Developing Transport Service Provisions in Rural Areas UNDERGRADUATE ESSAY RURAL TRANSPORT PROVISION: CORNWALL Critically examine the range of approaches that have been used by rural  agencies to overcome problems of service provision. Discuss in relation to a  specific policy area. The following paper discusses the range of approaches used by Cornwall Country Council (CCC) to improve its provision of transport services to its rural population, focusing in-depth on the CCC’s support of ‘community transport’ schemes. In the past two decades transport services to rural areas across Britain, as well as in Cornwall in particular, have been in a state of ceaseless decline. Bus and train timetables have been dramatically reduced and made more inefficient and unreliable, and this decline has in turn led to many rural constituents becoming ever more dependent upon private and environmentally harmful transport; at the same time, hundreds of thousands of Cornish elderly people in rural areas have been either totally excluded from public transport services or have found these services to be severely limited. This problem of public transport provision to rural areas has affected Cornwall particularly badly; Cornwall’s geography is diverse and its rural communities are widely dispersed; to meet these communities’ needs the county requires a comprehensive and highly-organized system of public transport that has simply not been present in recent decades. In these years, under both Conservative and Labour governments, a profound lack investment in the infrastructure of rural transport facilities in Cornwall has led to a degeneration of service provision. Moreover, the price of public transport in rural areas, particularly after the privatization of many services, has proved prohibitively expensive for many people. Recent efforts to alleviate this problem have centred upon a reinvestment of resources, and it is the work of this essay to consider the ways in which this money has been invested in Cornwall. On April 1st 2006 the CCC launched its Countryside Concessionary Fares Scheme (CCC, 2006), replacing the Cornish Key Card scheme, and providing free bus travel in Cornwall to persons above the age of sixty and to disabled persons who are resident in Cornwall. The scheme extends across the whole of Cornwall and is co-run in partnership between Caradon, Carrick, Kerrier, North Cornwall, Penwith and Restormel councils. To tackle the problem of the cost of transport facilities the Cornwall County Council has introduced a number of budget schemes to help poorer residents in rural areas. For instance, PLUSBUS is a scheme that allows rural residents to save money by purchasing a combined rail and bus ticket and so make an overall saving. PLUSBUS provides holders with unlimited free travel on any routes within the county of Cornwall. In addition, Cornwall County Council has pledged to provide free school transport to every child of compulsory school age in rural Cornwall who would not otherwise be able to attend school. But perhaps the most important innovation supported by the CCC is that of community transport schemes. The term ‘community transport’ is used to describe passenger transport schemes that are owned and registered by local community groups. The idea behind such groups is that each works to solve some of the transport difficulties of a particular village or town or group of associated towns. Numerous such projects have been founded across Cornwall and have thus relieved to a significant degree the service provision pressure from the CCC. The existence of such schemes mean that the council is freer to better use its resources in areas where no such community schemes exist. Community transport schemes are operated as volunteer and non-profit organizations and therefore they have a second key advantage that they do not subject the people depending upon them to financial exploitation or manipulation. Services are not operated because they are profitable, or suspended because they are unprofitable à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ as with transport services run by commercial companies à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ but rather services are operated because they meet a definite need of a particular community or group communities. The attraction of such schemes is that they can be moulded to the needs of a particular community; if only three pensioners in the village of Grisham or Chatham require daily transport to the nearest town, then, instead of being denied service by commercial companies who fear losing money by operating a service for these pensioners, a community transport service such as a single minibus or minivan can be organised at minimal cost to provide service for these three pensioners. If twenty such pensioners need transport then two or three services and minivans can be organized; such schemes therefore have a great degree of flexibility. The additional advantage of such schemes is that they are specifically founded and run to help those persons in rural areas who would not otherwise have access to help. Of the various community transport schemes run in Cornwall the following are particularly worthy of discussion. Voluntary Car Schemes are, according to the CCC ‘an organized form of lift giving’ (CCC, 2006) where volunteer drivers offer to use their own cars to make door to door pick-ups and returns for people, usually the elderly or disabled, who would not otherwise be able to travel as frequently or freely. Community Bus Services are minibus services run by local volunteer groups operating along regular routes and according to a regular timetable; such services are moreover made available to all members of the general public. Details of such services have recently been published in the All Cornwall Public Transport Guide. Minibus Hire is another community transport service whereby minibuses owned and run by one local volunteer group are lent to other groups either for free or for a very small charge. Many of these vehicles have disabled persons access and can be used f or the purposes of leisure, of sport, of education and so on. Dial a Ride is a further community service which provides transport on a door-to-door basis to incapacitated members of the community who register for the service. Shopmobility lends wheelchairs and electric scooters as well as other services to allow the elderly and others to shop for themselves rather than remaining dependent upon others for their transport. Though not directly in control of community transport schemes, the CCC has recently sought to play an active part in the running and support of these transport initiatives. On its website, the CCC tells that three principal events or ideas have led to this decision. (1) The Council has become ever more conscious of the special transport needs of disabled persons and of the elderly, and has expressed a determination to do more than the basic requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act (HMG, 1995) mandatory requirements. The CCC has set as its ultimate transport goal for disabled and elderly people the idea of transport independence à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ an aim that goes well beyond the minimum requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act. To this end, the council has given considerable financial support to Age Concern, an organization which operates a volunteer car scheme across the county of Cornwall. Thus the CCC states ‘This (policy) has led to the development of fina ncial support for age concern in its provision of a county-wide car scheme; greater consideration of a suitable transport provision for all sectors of the community by the County Council and other statutory agencies, which has identified more clearly the opportunities for community transport activity’ (CCC, 2006). (2) Thee national Labour government has provided greater levels of central funding for county councils to develop and improve their service provision to rural areas; the arrival of this money has enabled the CCC to focus greater attention upon rural disability access and upon totality of service provision. (3) The CCC has begun to enter into several partnerships with voluntary agencies, thus providing an extension to their existing transport services. To this end, the CCC has stated that ‘The (Cornwall) County Council recognises that whilst it has a critical role to play in sector development, it is inappropriate and simply not viable for it to be the exclusiv e agency involved. Consequently, it is looking to develop new partnerships wit both the statutory and voluntary sector, operating at both a strategic and a local level’ (CCC, 2000). This quotation best sums up this significant change of attitude and strategy by the County Council towards the question of rural transport provision. The County Council is admitting that its own resources are insufficient to provide the full range of transport services required by its rural population and so has enlisted the aid of both other agencies and the rural population itself in the form of voluntary transport schemes. A few points of caution might be given here however to intersperse the many positive notes about community transport schemes given above. Firstly, such schemes, though welcomed and applauded by local councils and official agency organizations are not directly under their control; therefore the regulation of such schemes is far weaker and less organized than official transport services run by the CCC. Concomitant with this worry is another about safety; since community transport schemes are not managed directly by local government they are not subject to the same safety inspections and regulations as official services. Nonetheless, it may generally be said that those running community schemes are responsible members of their local communities and naturally therefore adhere to general laws of transport safety. The other point is that it is a widely held sentiment of those running such schemes that they are having to do so because of the inadequacy of government provided public transpor t to rural areas. If these services were more proficient and reliable, as they used to be, and as they presently are in many European countries such as Switzerland, Denmark, Holland and elsewhere, then community transport schemes would be superfluous because public transport would be a total provision. Indeed, it is the case that in the aforementioned countries community transport schemes do not exist nor do others like them. In the final analysis, this review of the success of Cornwall County Council’s various agencies in improving rural transport provision must end with a note of equivocation and suspended judgement. On the one hand, local agencies in Cornwall have clearly recognised the problem and extent of recent decades of underinvestment in rural transport, and rather than denying this problem or blaming it on previous administrations, they have actually sought to improve those services offered to Cornwall’s rural populations. Also on the positive side the County Council has recognised the needs of the county’s long-forgotten disabled and elderly rural populations and has welcomed the opportunity to implement, and indeed go beyond, the Disability Discrimination Act, in its transport provision. Schemes like the Countywide Concessionary Fares Scheme and PLUSBUS are direct efforts to improve the transport facilities and opportunities for underprivileged people in rural Cornwall; s o too the CCC’s pledge to guarantee free school transport for all school-children of compulsory age in rural Cornwall is a crucial and admirable initiative. But perhaps the County Council’s boldest initiative, and the one that signifies a profound change of attitude towards its obligations over rural transport, is that of supporting community transport schemes such as Dial a Ride and Shopmobility. In supporting these schemes, which are not officially under County Council financing or regulation, the Cornwall Country Council has recognised that it has insufficient resources to provide a full range of transport services to its rural population. Such an admission has its positive aspects in as much as it allows the council to contribute to the excellent schemes founded and operated by voluntary groups in Cornwall; groups who have made a very real difference to the quality of transport experience enjoyed by many of Cornwall’s elderly and disabled rural populations. On the other hand, in making such an admission the County Council has also shown its own failure, as well as the failure of successive governments, to properly deal with the national question of rural transport provision, and its particular condition in Cornwall. It is a simple fact that in those countries of Europe which have the highest standard of living, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria would be examples, that community transport schemes are just not necessary because government and local councils are sufficiently funded to provide all such services themselves. Proper and more efficient government allocation and spending of resources in Britain could undoubtedly have led to the same result in Cornwall, and so made the admirable and noble efforts of community transport scheme organizers unnecessary. BIBLIOGRAPHY Academic Books, Journals Internet Sources Cornish Key: Transport in Cornwall. (2006). www.cornishkey.com Cornwall County Council (CCC). (2006). www.cornwall.gov.uk Her Majesty’s Government. (1995). The Disability Discrimination Act 1995. Restormel Borough Council. (2006). www.restormel.gov.uk The Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). www.defra.gov.uk